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What is the Byzantine Empire? Why would a Byzantine citizen call himself Roman and not know what the Byzantine Empire was? In this introduction to Byzantine history, Lars Brownworth describes where Byzantium came from and why defining Byzantium is a murky and difficult task.
火星加速器卡密-旋风加速度器

Time: 20:06 (17.9 Meg MP3) download

The Emperor Diocletian was to erase civil war within Byzantium for the next thousand years but walked away from it all to become a cabbage farmer. Who was this military man, and how could he just give it all up? Join Lars Brownworth as the story of Byzantium's first great emperor unfolds.
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From the chaotic background of the tetrarchy, a vulnerable staff officer would navigate the treacherous waters of the Empire and eventually emerge as Emperor. How could such an unlikely man unify the Empire under one ruler? In this lecture, Lars Brownworth explores the rise to power of one of Western history's most pivotal figures: Constantine.

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- The Conversion of Constantine
  
  Time: 0:47 (744 K MP3) download
- Constantine's Popularity
  
  Time: 0:51 (808 K MP3) 可众加速国外软件的加速器
- Valens - Being a Co-Emperor
  
  Time: 0:31 (496 K MP3) download
火星加速器卡密-旋风加速度器

Time: 18:04 (16.1 Meg MP3) download

Constantine has achieved supreme power and, by founding a new capital and rescuing a faith seemingly on the brink of schism, made some of the most momentous decisions in history. However, his megalomania undid most of his work unifying the church and threatened the very stability of the state. Does such a man truly deserve to be called great? Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the apogee of Constantine's career and his impact on history.

Additional Commentary
- Creeds
  
  Time: 1:49 (1.7 Meg MP3) download
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  Time: 1:02 (984 K MP3) download
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  Time: 0:55 (876 K MP3) download
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Time: 17:46 (15.8 Meg MP3) download

A shy, awkward, Pagan philosopher with no ambitions and no experience is appointed Caesar. How could such an unlikely 23 year old become the head of a Christian empire? Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at Julian, the last of Constantine's dynasty.

Additional Commentary
- The crowning of Julian
  
  Time: 0:37 (592 K MP3) download
- Paganism
  
  Time: 0:43 (692 K MP3) download
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  Time: 0:38 (608 K MP3) download
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  Time: 0:29 (472 K MP3) 可众连接国外网的软件
- King Shapour is Crowned
  
  Time: 0:21 (344 K MP3) download
- Who killed Julian?
  
  Time: 0:28 (448 K MP3) download
- Jovian: Julian's Sucessor
  
  Time: 0:26 (428 K MP3) download
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Time: 20:27 (19.0 Meg MP3) download

By the middle of the 5th Century the Roman Empire was on the verge of collapse. Its emperors were mere puppets, its armies were in chaos, and enemies were closing in on all sides. Unable to sustain itself, the West collapsed, plunging Europe into the Dark Ages. By all accounts, the East should have followed suit, and yet, unexpectedly, the Eastern emperor slipped free of his barbarian master and saved the tottering state. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at Zeno, the unlikely savior of the Byzantine Empire.

Additional Commentary
- Carthage and Rome
  
  Time: 1:07 (1.1 Meg MP3) download
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  Time: 0:55 (872 K MP3) download
- Books: Lost Treasures
  
  Time: 0:25 (400 K MP3) 可众连接国外线路的加速器
- Pope Leo: The Political Pope
  
  Time: 0:54 (852 K MP3) download
- The Last Emperor of Rome
  
  Time: 0:29 (464 K MP3) download
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Time: 18:15 (16.2 Meg MP3) 连接国外网络的软件下载

As the 6th century dawned on the tottering Byzantine State, the future seemed to hold only decline and decay, and yet, it was to see a renaissance unmatched in the long history of the Empire. On every front, it seemed, were gathered the towering giants of the age, poised and ready to take the Empire to ever greater and more dizzying heights. All that was needed was a ruler with enough vision to unite and drive this vast collection of the best and the brightest, a ruler who could dream on a truly imperial scale. Though he came from poverty, he rose to shape the Empire with the force of his will. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the stunning rise of Justinian, from shadow ruler to emperor in his own right.
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Time: 25:42 (23.1 Meg MP3) download

With the return of relative calm after the reign's turbulent beginnings, Justinian could turn to his most ambitious project- the re-conquest of the Western Empire. For this, his most cherished goal, he looked to one man- the young, promising general, Belisarius. Justinian was rewarded with unswerving loyalty and unquestioned brilliance, and yet the road to re-conquest was to be a difficult and tragic one for both men. Join Lars Brownworth as the story of Justinian's re-conquest of Africa and Italy unfolds.
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Time: 25:47 (23.1 Meg MP3) 能用国外软件的加速器

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10 - Heraclius

Time: 26:29 (23.8 Meg MP3) download

In the years following Justinian's death, the Empire was rocked from within and without. Barbarians pushed in on every border and the Empire's ancient enemy Persia ravaged the East unchecked. The Empire met this challenge with a series of weak and foolish rulers who squandered what resources they had and crumbled before the Persian onslaught. By the start of the 7th century, the emperor was a virtual prisoner in his own palace, the Persians were beneath the walls of Constantinople, and the rest of the Empire was in the hands of rebels. It looked as if the end had come at last, and yet, against all odds, an Armenian general was to defeat the Persians, sweep away the old Latin traditions and reform the Empire on a Greek model. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at Heraclius, whose reign saw this glittering triumph but ended in such tragedy.
11 - Irene

Time: 24:00 (22.0 Meg MP3) download

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- Why study Irene?
  
  Time: 1:10 (1.1 Meg MP3) download
12 - Basil I

Time: 23:02 (21.0 Meg MP3) download

Basil I was hardly a promising candidate to usher in a new golden age to the Byzantine Empire. A poor, illiterate Armenian peasant, he was kidnapped by raiding Bulgarians as a boy and only managed to escape in his mid twenties. Renowned for his great strength and skill with horses, he found work as a stable hand and grew into a violent, ambitious man, whose thirst for power led him to commit two of the foulest murders that even bloody Byzantine history has to offer. In spite of all of this, his reign was the most successful of the century, and the Macedonian dynasty that he would found would bring the Empire to the height of its power and prestige. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the reign of the emperor Basil the Macedonian.

Additional Commentary
- The Origins of Cyrillic
  
  Time: 0:27 (436 K MP3) 连接国外网络的软件下载
13 - Basil II

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By the time Basil II was crowned at age two, the Macedonian Dynasty had led the Byzantine Empire to seemingly endless military victories and unprecedented heights of glory. However it was not the emperors who had accomplished so much, but their powerful generals. In fact Basil's dynasty seemed to be in danger of becoming purely ceremonial or disappearing completely. The young emperor, dominated completely by his regents, seemed unlikely to change things. There was no trace of the heroic about him, no charisma or sparkling personality, and yet he was to emerge as the greatest emperor of his dynasty- bending the army, the Empire, and foreign princes alike to his will. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the reign of Basil II, the last great conqueror Byzantium ever produced.
14 - Alexius

Time: 32:13 (30.0 Meg MP3) download

When the 24 year old Alexius Comnenus came to the throne, the glories of the Empire seemed long gone. Its "invincible" army had been smashed at the battle of Manzikert, the frontiers were collapsing, and enemies on every side threatened to overwhelm what was left. It would take an extraordinary ruler to salvage something from the wreckage much less restore Byzantine prestige. Join Lars Brownworth as he takes a look at Alexius Comnenus, the man who did just that, even as the First Crusade erupted around him.
15 - Isaac

Time: 33:22 (30.1 Meg MP3) download

Isaac Angelus was never meant for the throne. He should have lived out his life in comfortable obscurity but, instead, found imperial power thrust upon him as Alexius I's brilliant dynasty came to a bloody and decadent conclusion. Unfortunately, he and his son were to prove completely unfit for the office, inviting one of the greatest calamities in history down upon their heads and fatally weakening the Empire. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the reign of Isaac Angelus as it inexorably descended into the tragedy of the Fourth Crusade.
16 - Constantine XI

Time: 37:44 (34.1 Meg MP3) download

The 14th century was not a kind one for Byzantium. The Fourth Crusade had left the Empire a hollow shell of itself, fatally crippled in the face of Turkish aggression. A series of forgettable rulers did what they could, but, by the middle of the next century all hope was lost. Surrounded on all sides by the hostile Turks, the once vast Empire had shrunk to little more than the city of Constantinople itself. Led by the indomitable Constantine XI, the Byzantines faced certain destruction and fearsome new weapons of war with dignity and courage, determined to go down fighting with heads held high. Join Lars Brownworth as he talks about the last of the Byzantine Emperors, Constantine XI whose heroic final defense of the city earned him recognition as the first Greek National Martyr.

Additional Commentary
- Manuel II: Faith and Reason
  
  Time: 1:52 (1.7 Meg MP3) download
- Vlad Tepesh: aka. Vlad the Impaler
  
  Time: 1:31 (1.4 Meg MP3) download
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Time: 14:55 (13.2 Meg MP3) download

With the death of Constantine XI, the Byzantine Empire drew to a close. But that was not the end of the story. From the Orthodox Church, to the Russian Empire, the spirit of the Empire has survived and offers enduring lessons for the modern world. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the Empire's immense legacy and reflects on why Byzantine History matters.
18 - Reading Suggestions

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Lars Brownworth gives some suggestions for further study of the Byzantine Empire.
19 - Norman Centuries Teaser

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Lars Brownworth's new podcast called Norman Centuries is also available.

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eBooks by Lars Brownworth

Lars Brownworth is working on a series of eBooks that delve deeper into the Macedonian dynasty.

You can download and read these eBooks on a Kindle or via the free Kindle app available for PC, Mac, iPhone, iPad or Android.

Smithsonian Lecture: Byzantium - Rome's Lost Empire

Smithsonian Resident Associates Program

Lars Brownworth's lecture on Byzantine history given at the Smithsonian in Washington D.C.

The Founding of Constantinople

Istanbul, Turkey

The story of how Constantine picked Byzantium for his new capital to mirror Rome.

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Istanbul, Turkey

Take a walk through Justinian's great church, the Hagia Sofia, and see some of its remaining treasures.

The Hippodrome

Istanbul, Turkey

The greatest sports complex in the city of Constantinople was the Hippodrome where chariots would race around and around. Mostly buried today, parts of the immense centerpiece remain visible today.

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Istanbul, Turkey

The land and sea walls of Constantinople comprised the most formidable defense of the medieval world. It took the guns of the modern world to breach them.

Valen's Aqueduct

Istanbul, Turkey

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